MOSAIC IN Senna occidentalis IN SOUTHERN BRAZIL INDUCED BY A NEW STRAIN OF Soybean mosaic virus

Plants of Senna occidentalis (sin. Cassia occidentalis) with mosaic symptoms were collected near a soybean (Glycine max) field where some plants exhibited symptoms of mosaic and blistering. A preliminary examination of leaf tissue from diseased S. occidentalis by electron microscopy revealed the presence of pinwheel inclusions as well as long flexuous particles, indicating the presence of a potyvirus. Host range, serology, and amino acid sequence from this potyvirus were similar to those from other Brazilian isolates of Soybean mosaic virus (SMV). The 3 ́terminal region of the genomic RNA was cloned and a cDNA sequence of 1.9 kb upstream of the poly (A) tract was determined. The sequence contains a single open reading frame and a 3 ́non-translated region (NTR) of 259 bp. The nucleotide sequence of the CP gene of SMV-Soc was 98% identical to that of Brazilian isolates SMV-B, SMV-L, and SMV-FT10. The percentage of nucleotide identity of their 3'-NTR's was 91, 98, and 99% in relation to SMV-L, SMV-B, and SMV-FT10, respectively. In contrast to other Brazilian SMV isolates studied, SMV-Soc was able to infect sunflower (Helianthus annuus). Based on these results, the S. occidentalis isolate was identified as a new strain of SMV belonging to the SMV strain, group G5 and was named SMV-Soc. This is the first report of naturaly occurring SMV infecting plants of S. occidentalis in Brazil, adding this weed as a new source of SMV in the field. Additional keywords: SMV, potyvirus, taxonomy. RESUMO Mosaico em Senna occidentalis no Sul Brasil causado por uma estirpe do Soybean mosaic virus Plantas de Senna occidentalis (sin. Cassia occidentalis) com sintomas de mosaico foram coletadas próximas a plantas de soja (Glycine max), com sintomas de mosaico e formação de bolhas no limbo foliar. Amostras dessas plantas foram analisadas por microscopia eletrônica constatando-se a ocorrência de inclusões citoplasmáticas tipo catavento e partículas flexuosas e alongadas, indicando a presença de potyvirus. Estudos adicionais com hospedeiras diferenciais, sorologia e sequência de aminoácidos demonstraram que o vírus era similar ao vírus do mosaico comum da soja (Soybean mosaic virus, SMV). Este isolado, designado SMVSoc, foi capaz de infetar plantas de girassol (Helianthus annuus), normalmente não infetada pelo SMV. Um fragmento de aproximadamente 1.9 kb, correspondendo à porção 3 ́ do RNA viral (parte da região codificadora da proteína Nib, toda a CP e a 3'NTR) foi amplificado via PCR, clonado e sequenciado. A sequência do gene da capa protéica do SMV-Soc apresentou 98% de identidade com isolados brasileiros do SMV (SMV-B, SMV-L e SMV-FT10). A identidade de nucleotídeos da região 3 ́-NTR foi de 91, 98 e 99% em relação aos isolados SMVL, SMV-B E SMV-FT10, respectivamente. De acordo com esses resultados o isolado obtido de S. occidentalis foi considerado uma estirpe do SMV, grupo G5 e denominado SMV-Soc. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência natural do SMV em plantas dessa espécie e indica seu potencial como hospedeira natural deste vírus, no Brasil.